正在編輯用戶:Politics Notes on the UK Parliament （章節）

== Comparative powers of the Commons and the Lords ==
The commons has been the dominant chamber for over a century. It has a bumber of exclusive powers

* the right to insist on legislation: in cases of conflict over legislation, the lords should ultimately give way to the commons
* Financial privilege: the lords cannot delay or amend money bills
* the power to dismiss the executive: if the government is defeated on a motion of no confidence, it must resign

the primacy of the commons is underpinned in legislation, notably the Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949, and in constitutional conventions

the main conventions covering the relationship between the two chambers are:

* the Salisbury Convention: Bills implementing manifesto commitments are not opposed by the Lords.
* Reasonable time: the Lords should consider government business within a reasonable time
* Secondary Legislation: the Lords does not usually object to secondary legislation

=== The Parliament Act ===
the Lords does not have a veto iver legislation approved by the Commons

it can only delay most bills passed by the Commons for up to 1 year. Prior to 1911 it could block bills passed by the commons indefinitely

the Parliament Act 1911 restricted this veto power to 2 parliamentary sessions, which was subsequently reduced to 1 by the parliament act 1949

=== Confidence and Supply ===
the government requires the confidence and supply of the commons to remain in office

supply refers to the authorisation of government spending by the commons.

traditionally, a government defeated on a key supply bill is expected to resign.

the commons can remove the government by defeating irtin a motion of no confidence or a confidence motion

'''''Motion of no confidence''''': a parliamentary censure motion initiated by the opposition which, if passed, requires the resignation of the governent

'''''Confidence motion''''': a motion of confidence in the government. It may be initiated by the government as a threat of dissolution, or used to approve the formation of a new government