用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Leadership - 修訂歷史

Hinnia：/* Sicily */

2024-05-02T20:30:28Z

Sicily

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 04:30 的修訂
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	==== Sicily ====		==== Sicily ====

	* Went to Messina to collect his sister's dowry from Count Tancred of Lecce.		* Went to Messina to collect his sister's dowry from '''Count Tancred of Lecce'''.
	* Tancred refused		* Tancred refused
	* Richard attacked Messina and gained control on October 4.		* Richard attacked Messina and gained control on October 4.
	* Richard extorted 40,000 gold ounces from Tancred to finance the crusade.		* Richard extorted '''40,000 gold ounces''' from Tancred to finance the crusade.

	==== Cyprus ====		==== Cyprus ====
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	* Encountered missing ships that were stranded on Cyprus when leaving Sicily		* Encountered missing ships that were stranded on Cyprus when leaving Sicily
	* Invaded Cyprus		* Invaded Cyprus
	* Sold the island to the Templars for 100,000 bezants.		* Sold the island to the Templars for '''100,000 bezants'''.

	==== Acre ====		==== Acre ====
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	* Richard joined Philip with his fleet and participated in the siege.		* Richard joined Philip with his fleet and participated in the siege.
	* Together, their forces destroyed the walls of Acre, and the Muslim garrison surrendered.		* Together, their forces destroyed the walls of Acre, and the Muslim garrison surrendered.
	* A month-long argument over the king of Jerusalem delayed progress after the surrender.		* A month-long '''argument over the king of Jerusalem''' delayed progress after the surrender.
	* Guy ~~Lusignan~~ became king for life, followed by Conrad ~~of Montferrat~~.		* Guy became king for life, followed by Conrad.
	* Philip returned to France on July 31, 1191, leaving Richard as the clear commander of the crusade.		* Philip returned to France on July 31, 1191, leaving Richard as the clear commander of the crusade.

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	* Began a 70-mile march towards Jaffa.		* Began a 70-mile march towards Jaffa.
	* Well organised army		* Well organised army
	* Knights divided into three divisions and marching in columns.		* Knights '''divided into three divisions''' and marching in columns.
	* Infantry protected the knights from raids and surprise attacks		* '''Infantry protected the knights''' from raids and surprise attacks
	* Baggage train marched on the right.		* Baggage train marched on the right.
	* Leadership and careful planning ensured the safe arrival of the crusaders at Jaffa.		* Leadership and careful planning '''ensured the safe arrival''' of the crusaders at Jaffa.
	* Monitored the march formation closely and made preparations to maintain its integrity.		* Monitored the march formation closely and made preparations to maintain its integrity.

	=== Consulting Local Leaders ===		=== Consulting Local Leaders ===
	~~Goal of the Third Crusade: Recapture Jerusalem~~

	Army advanced towards Jerusalem		* Goal of the Third Crusade: Recapture Jerusalem
			* Army advanced towards Jerusalem
	Listened to advice from the Templars and Hospitallers		* Listened to advice from the Templars and Hospitallers
			* Believed that the army could not win and that dealing with Saladin was necessary.
	Believed that the army could not win and that dealing with Saladin was necessary.		* Turned back to refortify the abandoned city of Ascalon.
			* Sought a '''truce''' with Saladin
	Turned back to refortify the abandoned city of Ascalon.		* Christians retaining control of the coastal territory
			* Christian pilgrims allowed access to Jerusalem's holy shrines.
	Sought a truce with Saladin

	Christians retaining control of the coastal territory

	Christian pilgrims allowed access to Jerusalem's holy shrines.

	=== However ===		=== However ===
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	==== Betrothal of Richard and Alice ====		==== Betrothal of Richard and Alice ====

	* Richard wanted to marry Berengaria of Navarre		* Richard wanted to marry '''Berengaria''' of Navarre
	** For an alliance against his old enemy Count Raymond of Toulouse.		** For an alliance against his old enemy '''Count Raymond of Toulouse'''.
			** but was already betrothed to Alice, Philip's sister
	* He hid this plan from Philip.		* He hid this plan from Philip.

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	* Two rival claimants:		* Two rival claimants:
	** Conrad: Philip’s cousin		** '''Conrad: Philip’s cousin'''
	** Guy: feudatory of Richard		** '''Guy: feudatory of Richard'''
	* Increased the strain on the crusade		* Increased the strain on the crusade
	* When Richard arrived at Tyre on 6 June		* When Richard arrived at Tyre on 6 June

Hinnia：/* Failure to consult leaders of the crusader states */

2024-05-01T20:22:21Z

Failure to consult leaders of the crusader states

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月2日 (四) 04:22 的修訂
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	* Did not consult with the leaders of Outremer (the Crusader states)		* Did not consult with the leaders of Outremer (the Crusader states)
	* Initial goal: recapture Edessa		* Initial goal: '''recapture Edessa'''
	** But was destroyed in 1146		** But was '''destroyed in 1146'''
	** Still had same goal in 1148 (Conrad letter)		** Still had same goal in '''1148 (Conrad letter)'''
	** Spent four months to establish new goal		** Spent '''four months to establish new goal'''
	** Hindered progress into Outremer		** Hindered progress into Outremer
	** Incurred additional expenses		** Incurred additional expenses
	* Did not adequately respond to the needs of all the Crusader states		* Did not adequately respond to the needs of all the Crusader states
	** Antioch ~~plam~~, which reflected northern interests		** Antioch plan, which reflected northern interests
	** Jerusalem plan, which focused on the threat faced by the south		** Jerusalem plan, which focused on the threat faced by the south
	** Decided to head south to Damascus		** '''Decided to head south to Damascus'''
	* Contributed to delays and misalignment of objectives during the Second Crusade.		* Contributed to delays and misalignment of objectives during the Second Crusade.

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	* Goal was to attack the city walls and defeat the garrison		* Goal was to attack the city walls and defeat the garrison
	* Changed their plan and attacked a weak point in the eastern walls.		* Changed their plan and attacked a weak point in the eastern walls.
	* Bad decision		* '''Bad decision'''
	** No water or food		** No water or food
	** Exhaustion and retreat after three days.		** Exhaustion and retreat after three days.
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	==== Lack of support from the Byzantines ====		==== Lack of support from the Byzantines ====

	* First Crusade received support from the Byzantine Empire		* First Crusade '''received support from the Byzantine Empire'''
	* Taticius sent to provide crucial guidance and support in battle.		* Taticius sent to provide crucial guidance and support in battle.
	* Second Crusade Manuel I did not have good relations with the two kings		* Second Crusade '''Manuel I did not have good relations''' with the two kings
	* He did not provide the same support		* He did not provide the same support
	* Also had a treaty with the Turks		* Also had a '''treaty with the Turks'''
	* Betrayed the crusader’s location or plans for their enemy		* '''Betrayed''' the crusader’s location or plans for their enemy

	== Third Crusade ==		== Third Crusade ==
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	=== Greater Enemy ===		=== Greater Enemy ===

	* Saladin		* '''Saladin'''
	** United Syria and Egypt		** United Syria and Egypt
	** 1187: Captured Jerusalem in the Battle of Hattin		** '''1187: Captured Jerusalem''' in the Battle of Hattin
	** Christian control of Outremer reduced to Tripoli and Antioch.		** Christian control of Outremer '''reduced to Tripoli and Antioch'''.
	** 1189: Crusader states were in a desperate situation.		** 1189: Crusader states were in a desperate situation.
	* In the Third crusade		* In the Third crusade
	** Saladin was at the peak of Jihadi strength		** Saladin was at the '''peak of Jihadi strength'''
	* Meanwhile in the second crusade		* Meanwhile in the second crusade
	** The crusaders faced a Muslim enemy at the beginning of Jihadi strength		** The crusaders faced a Muslim enemy at the beginning of Jihadi strength
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	* Most effective crusading first wave		* Most effective crusading first wave
	** Led by Frederick Barbarossa of Germany, aged 70, with 15k soldiers.		** Led by '''Frederick Barbarossa''' of Germany, aged 70, with 15k soldiers.
	* However		* However
	** German participation began and ended unsuccessfully before Richard I and Philip II arrived.		** German participation began and ended unsuccessfully before Richard I and Philip II arrived.

Hinnia：Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Leadership，不留重新導向

2024-05-01T18:30:14Z

Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Leadership，不留重新導向

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月2日 (四) 02:30 的修訂
（無差異）

Hinnia 於 2024年5月1日 (三) 18:29

2024-05-01T18:29:57Z

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
 == First Crusade Leadership ==
@@ 第112行： / 第110行： @@
 * Muslims failed to recognise the crusade as an army of religious conquest
 * Gave the Crusaders an advantage
 == Second Crusade Leadership ==
@@ 第187行： / 第183行： @@
 * Also had a treaty with the Turks
 * Betrayed the crusader’s location or plans for their enemy

Hinnia：建立內容為「== First Crusade Motivations == == First Crusade Leadership == === Leadership === * Certainly responsible for success * No single commander in chief * No kings * '''Henry IV''' and '''Philip I''' excommunicated * Princes from various parts of Europe === Initial Division === ==== Attitude towards Pope ==== * '''German''' and '''Lotharingians''' supporters of Henry IV * '''Raymond of Toulouse''' supported Pope ==== Attitude towards Alexius ==== * '''Ra…」的新頁面

2024-05-01T15:08:01Z

建立內容為「== First Crusade Motivations == == First Crusade Leadership == === Leadership === * Certainly responsible for success * No single commander in chief * No kings * '''Henry IV''' and '''Philip I''' excommunicated * Princes from various parts of Europe === Initial Division === ==== Attitude towards Pope ==== * '''German''' and '''Lotharingians''' supporters of Henry IV * '''Raymond of Toulouse''' supported Pope ==== Attitude towards Alexius ==== * '''Ra…」的新頁面

新頁面

== First Crusade Motivations ==

== First Crusade Leadership ==

=== Leadership ===

* Certainly responsible for success
* No single commander in chief
* No kings
* '''Henry IV''' and '''Philip I''' excommunicated
* Princes from various parts of Europe

=== Initial Division ===

==== Attitude towards Pope ====

* '''German''' and '''Lotharingians''' supporters of Henry IV
* '''Raymond of Toulouse''' supported Pope

==== Attitude towards Alexius ====

* '''Raymond of Toulouse''' was happy to swear Allegiance
* '''Bohemond''' did not wish to be subject to Alexius’s power

==== Attitude towards Power and Land ====

* Bohemond and Tancred seeking land
* '''Robert of Normandy''' seeking indulgence

=== First Wave: People’s Crusade ===

* Peasants army led by '''Peter the Hermit''' and '''Walter Sansavoir'''
* Caused a lot of trouble
* Shipped across to Asia Minor within a week
* Slaughtered by '''Kilij Arslan'''
* Shows how terrible the crusade could have gone without good leadership even with a divided Muslim enemy

=== Council of Princes ===

* If the crusade was to succeed
** Had to '''overcome differences'''
* Set '''hierarchical chain of command'''
** Provided a forum in the absence of a single commander for decisions to be reached jointly
* Took '''Nicea'''
** With the help of '''Tacticius'''
* '''Two wave strategy'''
** Worked well
** Suck up pressure from Kilij Arslan
* '''Dorylaeum'''
** Bohemond and Robert of Normandy attacked by the Turks
** Two princes took up a defensive position
** With the support of the second wave made the Turks retreat
** Secures Asia Minor

=== Bohemond Leadership ===

==== Capture of Antioch ====

* Foraging Strategy
** Raymond foraged in Ruj Valley
** Tancred in areas surrounding Harim
** Ensured supplies
** Helped them survive
* Financial Support
** '''Raymond of Toulouse''' was very wealthy
** Used this money to help the Crusaders
** Built '''La Mahomerie'''
* Secret Negotiations
** Negotiations with someone inside the city
** Allowed access to Antioch

===== Secure of Antioch =====

* Bridge Gate
** Arranged for his troops to leavee
** '''Kerbogha'''’s troops at other gates would not be able to reach him as the river blocked their path
* 7 divisions
** Each with a clear leader
** Help keep the army in formation
** Thinned out force of Kerbogha
** While convincing Kerbogha that his army was not an all-out offensive
* Kept back extra troops in a separate division
** Rearguard
** Stopped Kerbogha’s first relief force from supporting main force

=== Siege of Jerusalem ===

* 5 weeks, rather than 7.5 months like Antioch
* Tactical genius shown
* Crusade leadership maintain unity to the end
* Range of strategies
* Siege tower to enter Jerusalem
* Eastern wall (vulnerable)

=== Other factors ===

==== Popular pressure ====

* Disagreements after the siege of Antioch
* Crusade faced paralysis
* Stopped for 6 months
* Only because of popular pressure that the First Crusade continued

==== Muslim World ====

* Divided into '''Shia''' and '''Sunni'''
* Sunni would rather align with Crusaders against Shia and vice versa
* Key Central Leaders died at the same time
** Caused political fragmentation
** By 1097-99 there was a power vacuum in Asia Miinor
* Princes faced small rival lordships
* Muslims failed to recognise the crusade as an army of religious conquest
* Gave the Crusaders an advantage

== Second Crusade Motivations ==

== Second Crusade Leadership ==

=== Leaders ===

* '''Eugenius''' has tight control of preaching
** No peoples crusade
* Proper Kings
** '''Louis VII''', the king of France
** '''Conrad III''', the king of Germany
** State power and resources
* Unified before heading to Outremer
** Louis deliberately went with Conrad by land
** Avoid antagonising Conrad
*** Conrad was in conflict with Scicily
** In return Conrad offered fleet at Regensburg
* Supposed to be successful
** Not the case
** Failure largely due to bad leadership

=== German Campaign (Octobebr 1147 to June 1148) ===

* Departed with '''8 days of supplies, estimating a 20-day journey'''
* Assuming they could acquire supplies along the way
* Plan did not go as expected
** '''Overconfidence''' and the lack of control by Manuel I
* The crusaders were ambushed by the Turks near '''Dorylaeum'''.
* Retreat to Nicaea with a casualty rate of around '''17 percent'''.

=== Failure to consult leaders of the crusader states ===

* Did not consult with the leaders of Outremer (the Crusader states)
* Initial goal: recapture Edessa
** But was destroyed in 1146
** Still had same goal in 1148 (Conrad letter)
** Spent four months to establish new goal
** Hindered progress into Outremer
** Incurred additional expenses
* Did not adequately respond to the needs of all the Crusader states
** Antioch plam, which reflected northern interests
** Jerusalem plan, which focused on the threat faced by the south
** Decided to head south to Damascus
* Contributed to delays and misalignment of objectives during the Second Crusade.

=== Siege of Damascus 1148 ===

* Began successfully
* Attack by '''King Baldwin III's troops''' supported by Louis VII's soldiers.
* Conrad III made significant gains
* Goal was to attack the city walls and defeat the garrison
* Changed their plan and attacked a weak point in the eastern walls.
* Bad decision
** No water or food
** Exhaustion and retreat after three days.
** Ended unsuccessfully.

=== Other factors ===

==== Muslim world ====

* Far more untied
* Much more powerful enemy when compared with first crusade
* 1105: '''Al Sulami''' first preaches jihad
* 1146 '''Nur ad-Din''' deployed Jihad

==== Lack of support from the Byzantines ====

* First Crusade received support from the Byzantine Empire
* Taticius sent to provide crucial guidance and support in battle.
* Second Crusade Manuel I did not have good relations with the two kings
* He did not provide the same support
* Also had a treaty with the Turks
* Betrayed the crusader’s location or plans for their enemy

用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Leadership - 修訂歷史

Hinnia：​/* Sicily */

Hinnia：​/* Failure to consult leaders of the crusader states */

Hinnia：​Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Leadership，不留重新導向

Hinnia 於 2024年5月1日 (三) 18:29

Hinnia：/* Sicily */

Hinnia：/* Failure to consult leaders of the crusader states */

Hinnia：Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Leadership，不留重新導向