用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivations - 修訂歷史

Hinnia：/* II crusade */

2024-05-02T21:54:01Z

II crusade

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 05:54 的修訂
第87行：		第87行：
	* Religious motive alone cannot call a crusade		* Religious motive alone cannot call a crusade
	* 1074: Gregory VII tried to launch crusade		* 1074: Gregory VII tried to launch crusade
			* 1165: Alexander III tried to launch crusade
	* Nobody came		* Nobody came
	* Political context not yet sufficient		* Political context not yet sufficient
第140行：		第141行：
	** Crusaders aware not about seeking papal monarchy		** Crusaders aware not about seeking papal monarchy
	* Cannot united eastern and western		* Cannot united eastern and western
	* Shifts to ~~defence~~ of Outremer from Jihadi threat		* Shifts to '''Defence of Outremer''' from Jihadi threat
	* 1119: Battle of the field of blood: Jihadi victory		* 1119: Battle of the field of blood: Jihadi victory
	** 1144: fall of Edessa		** 1144: fall of Edessa

Hinnia：/* II crusade */

2024-05-02T21:26:00Z

II crusade

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 05:26 的修訂
第121行：		第121行：
	** Would also be a temporal leader in one papal monarch		** Would also be a temporal leader in one papal monarch
	** May unite Eastern and Western churches		** May unite Eastern and Western churches
	Violence
			==== Violence ====
	* Violence in France		* Violence in France
	* Class trained for war (knights)		* Class trained for war (knights)

Hinnia：/* Military Orders */

2024-05-02T21:01:04Z

Military Orders

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 05:01 的修訂
第175行：		第175行：
	=== Third Crusade ===		=== Third Crusade ===

	* Richard Lionheart and most knights of England went ~~onCrusade~~		* Richard Lionheart and most knights of England went on Crusade
	* Mass noble participation cemented the idea that chivalry and crusading went hand in hand		* Mass noble participation cemented the idea that chivalry and crusading went hand in hand

	=== Military Orders ===		==== Military Orders ====

	* Due to the growing influence of military orders (Templars and Hospitallers)		* Due to the growing influence of military orders (Templars and Hospitallers)
	* Number of knights for life time service increased		* Number of knights for life time service increased
	* Turned crusading from temporary venture to permanent vocation		* Turned crusading from temporary venture to permanent vocation

Hinnia：/* First Crusade */

2024-05-02T20:58:41Z

First Crusade

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 04:58 的修訂
第51行：		第51行：
	** propaganda value		** propaganda value
	* Important role in 3rd Crusade		* Important role in 3rd Crusade
	** Crusade was a response to Jerusalem fallen to ~~Saladdin~~		** Crusade was a response to Jerusalem fallen to Saladin
	** Made Jerusalem still more central to crusading		** Made Jerusalem still more central to crusading

第92行：		第92行：
	=== First Crusade ===		=== First Crusade ===

	* Threat to Byzantium		==== Threat to Byzantium ====
	** Up to 1005, pushed to existential crisis		* Up to 1005, pushed to existential crisis
	*** Alexius pleads for help in March		** Alexius pleads for help in March
	** Seljuk Turks marched through Asia Minor		* Seljuk Turks marched through Asia Minor
	*** 1005 Kilij Arslan was in Nicea, Turks were at the walls of Constantinople		** 1005 Kilij Arslan was in Nicea, Turks were at the walls of Constantinople
	** For Urban II he was able to give real reality to his plea for a crusade		* For Urban II he was able to give real reality to his plea for a crusade
	*** Threat and pollution are not abstract		** Threat and pollution are not abstract
	*** Close and dangerous reality		** Close and dangerous reality

			==== Papal Monarchy ====
			* Challenges faced
	** 1088 Frankopan argued Urban did not have the power		** 1088 Frankopan argued Urban did not have the power
	* Investiture controversy		** Henry IV supported the Antipope
			** Gregory VII driven out of Rome after Investiture controversy
			** Urban had to fight against an enemy supported by the German Empire
	** Urban was losing		** Urban was losing
	** Antipope Clemont III was in power		** Antipope Clemont III was in power
第108行：		第113行：
	*** Wife accuses of sexual depravity+support Urban		*** Wife accuses of sexual depravity+support Urban
	*** Conrad turns to Urban		*** Conrad turns to Urban
			*** Excommunicated
			** Philip I of France loses power
			*** Abandoned his Queen to marry Betrada of Monfort, wife of Count Fulk of Anjou
	*** Excommunicated		*** Excommunicated
	** Allows Urban to have the power and influence to launch crusade		** Allows Urban to have the power and influence to launch crusade
第113行：		第121行：
	** Would also be a temporal leader in one papal monarch		** Would also be a temporal leader in one papal monarch
	** May unite Eastern and Western churches		** May unite Eastern and Western churches
			Violence
			* Violence in France
			* Class trained for war (knights)
			** No war=no purpose
			* France divided
			* Internal conflicts
			* That violence threatened the papacy
	* Papacy was seeking to use crusade to remove violence from Latin Europe		* Papacy was seeking to use crusade to remove violence from Latin Europe
	** ~~That~~ violence ~~threatened the papacy~~		* Peace of God: protecting certain ppl
			* Truce of God: stop all violence on certain days

	=== II crusade ===		=== II crusade ===

Hinnia：/* Political motives */

2024-05-02T20:46:25Z

Political motives

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 04:46 的修訂
第86行：		第86行：

	* Religious motive alone cannot call a crusade		* Religious motive alone cannot call a crusade
	* Gregory VII tried to launch crusade		* 1074: Gregory VII tried to launch crusade
	* Nobody came		* Nobody came
	* Political context not yet sufficient		* Political context not yet sufficient

Hinnia：/* Papal influence */

2024-05-02T20:44:05Z

Papal influence

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 04:44 的修訂
第72行：		第72行：
	* 2nd crusade		* 2nd crusade
	** '''Conrad III, Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine''' support		** '''Conrad III, Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine''' support
	** ~~Eugenous~~ tightly controlling preaching		** Eugenius tightly controlling preaching
	** Failure of 2nd crusade in 1148 radically undermines papal authority		** Failure of 2nd crusade in 1148 radically undermines papal authority
	* 1148 Damascus crusade fails humiliatingly		* 1148 Damascus crusade fails humiliatingly

Hinnia：/* Papal influence */

2024-05-02T20:43:44Z

Papal influence

←上個修訂		於 2024年5月3日 (五) 04:43 的修訂
第71行：		第71行：
	** Kings wanted to be in the crusade		** Kings wanted to be in the crusade
	* 2nd crusade		* 2nd crusade
	** ~~2 Kings~~ and Eleanor of Aquitaine support		** '''Conrad III, Louis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine''' support
	** Eugenous tightly controlling preaching		** Eugenous tightly controlling preaching
	** Failure of 2nd crusade in 1148 radically undermines papal authority		** Failure of 2nd crusade in 1148 radically undermines papal authority

Hinnia：Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivatons至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivations，不留重新導向

2024-05-02T19:28:27Z

Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivatons至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivations，不留重新導向

←上個修訂	於 2024年5月3日 (五) 03:28 的修訂
（無差異）

Hinnia：建立內容為「== Religious Motives == Key across all 3 crusades === What remained the same === ==== First Crusade ==== * Urban preached at Clemont 1095 * Charters reveal 60k responded directly to him, at the orders and obedience of Urban * Knights have been conditioned to fear hell, but Urban offered a new way of salvation ==== Just War Theory ==== * 6th commandment "Thou shall not kill" * To fight in the crusade the knights would break it * With help from Matilda of…」的新頁面

2024-05-01T18:52:33Z

建立內容為「== Religious Motives == Key across all 3 crusades === What remained the same === ==== First Crusade ==== * Urban preached at Clemont 1095 * Charters reveal 60k responded directly to him, at the orders and obedience of Urban * Knights have been conditioned to fear hell, but Urban offered a new way of salvation ==== Just War Theory ==== * 6th commandment "Thou shall not kill" * To fight in the crusade the knights would break it * With help from Matilda of…」的新頁面

新頁面

== Religious Motives ==
Key across all 3 crusades

=== What remained the same ===

==== First Crusade ====

* Urban preached at Clemont 1095
* Charters reveal 60k responded directly to him, at the orders and obedience of Urban
* Knights have been conditioned to fear hell, but Urban offered a new way of salvation

==== Just War Theory ====

* 6th commandment "Thou shall not kill"
* To fight in the crusade the knights would break it
* With help from Matilda of Tuscany and Anselm
** Came up with the assurance they needed
*** Just Cause: liberation of the Holy Land Jerusalem
*** Just Intent: pilgrimage and remission of sins
*** Just Leader: Pope, God’s rep on earth
* Used as a reason in Letter to Bologna
* Not just applicable to 1st crusade
** Developed further throughout the 12th century
** Remained as critical in the 2nd and 3rd crusades

==== Indulgence ====

* Due to political violence in Europe
** Knights were conditioned to fear hell
* Revealed in charter evidence that Urban promised that they would get “remissio peccatorum”
** Remission of all sins for going on crusade
* Again not just applicable to the 1st crusade
** Developed further
*** Plenary Indulgence in 12th century
**** Reassure that crusade was sufficient to secure total remission of sins
**** If a person promised to go on a crusade, would be let off all penalties for sins committed
**** Gift from God, no question of whether earned or not
**** Idea of Treasury of the Church

==== Liberation of Jerusalem ====

* Urban used pollution language
** evidenced by chroniclers such as Baudri of Dol
* Jerusalem was not just under threat
** But was also polluted by the Muslim world
*** Muslims were alien to God
** Jerusalem was under pollution especially the Holy Sepulchre
* Important role in 2nd Crusade
** Crusade was a response to Edessa being captured by Zengi
** Bernard of Clairvaux used Jerusalem to preach crusades
** propaganda value
* Important role in 3rd Crusade
** Crusade was a response to Jerusalem fallen to Saladdin
** Made Jerusalem still more central to crusading

=== What Changed ===

==== Papal influence ====

* Shifts over time
* 1st crusade
** Hugely influential
** Charters evidence obedience to Urban
** 2000 mile preaching tour
** Influence had limitations
** Loss of control due to People’s crusade
* WIth success of 1st Crusade
** Saw it as divine intervention
** Deepened papal influence over crusading
** Papal influence reaches high point
** Kings wanted to be in the crusade
* 2nd crusade
** 2 Kings and Eleanor of Aquitaine support
** Eugenous tightly controlling preaching
** Failure of 2nd crusade in 1148 radically undermines papal authority
* 1148 Damascus crusade fails humiliatingly
** Jihad is on the rise
** Pope keeps calling crusade
** Nobody comes
** Only thing to bring back crusade was fall of Jerusalem to Saladin
** Pope once again able to call crusade

== Political motives ==

=== No pope can enact a crusade without sufficient political context ===

* Religious motive alone cannot call a crusade
* Gregory VII tried to launch crusade
* Nobody came
* Political context not yet sufficient

=== First Crusade ===

* Threat to Byzantium
** Up to 1005, pushed to existential crisis
*** Alexius pleads for help in March
** Seljuk Turks marched through Asia Minor
*** 1005 Kilij Arslan was in Nicea, Turks were at the walls of Constantinople
** For Urban II he was able to give real reality to his plea for a crusade
*** Threat and pollution are not abstract
*** Close and dangerous reality
** 1088 Frankopan argued Urban did not have the power
* Investiture controversy
** Urban was losing
** Antipope Clemont III was in power
** With help of Matilda of Tuscany gets back to Rome
** Henry IV loses influence
*** Wife accuses of sexual depravity+support Urban
*** Conrad turns to Urban
*** Excommunicated
** Allows Urban to have the power and influence to launch crusade
** Sccessfully campaigns to secure Jerusalem
** Would also be a temporal leader in one papal monarch
** May unite Eastern and Western churches
* Papacy was seeking to use crusade to remove violence from Latin Europe
** That violence threatened the papacy

=== II crusade ===
Relationship with Byzantium breaks down

* 1108: crusade against Bzantium
** Byzantines were in alliance with Turks against crusaders
** Crusaders aware not about seeking papal monarchy
* Cannot united eastern and western
* Shifts to defence of Outremer from Jihadi threat
* 1119: Battle of the field of blood: Jihadi victory
** 1144: fall of Edessa

=== III crusade ===

* Defence of Outremer more of a catalyst
* Loss of Jerusalem
* Richard and Philip drives a new crusade

== Knightly motives ==

=== First Crusade ===

* Charters reveal most crusaders were not in for booty
** Gave away land
** Ready to die in crusade
* What was drawing them: papal reasons
* 60k Crusaders went
** Only 10 percent got there
*** Only 300 knights remain in Jerusalem
**** Reverse of land grab
* Affirms Urban’s influence over knights
* Knights were fundamentally buying into papal motives

=== After the First Crusade ===

* Concept of knighthood changed
** To be knight means to be crusader
* The development of chivalric culture diluted the overwhelming factor of individual religious motive
** Chivalric obligation
*** Chivalric culture meant you had to obey your lord
*** Troubadour Song shows French knights following Louis in 2nd crusade

=== Third Crusade ===

* Richard Lionheart and most knights of England went onCrusade
* Mass noble participation cemented the idea that chivalry and crusading went hand in hand

=== Military Orders ===

* Due to the growing influence of military orders (Templars and Hospitallers)
* Number of knights for life time service increased
* Turned crusading from temporary venture to permanent vocation

用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivations - 修訂歷史

Hinnia：​/* II crusade */

Hinnia：​/* II crusade */

Hinnia：​/* Military Orders */

Hinnia：​/* First Crusade */

Hinnia：​/* Political motives */

Hinnia：​/* Papal influence */

Hinnia：​/* Papal influence */

Hinnia：​Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivatons至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivations，不留重新導向

Hinnia：/* II crusade */

Hinnia：/* II crusade */

Hinnia：/* Military Orders */

Hinnia：/* First Crusade */

Hinnia：/* Political motives */

Hinnia：/* Papal influence */

Hinnia：/* Papal influence */

Hinnia：Hinnia已移動頁面用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivatons至用戶:Hinnia/沙盒/History Notes (Motivations，不留重新導向